Modeling and Analysis of Optical Time-domain Reflectometry in Strongly-coupled Multi-core Fiber

XING Rui; YANG Zhiqun; YAN Hui; LIU Yaping; WANG Xutao; WANG Yanze; ZHANG Wendou; ZHANG Lin

doi:10.13756/j.gtxyj.2024.230095

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Modeling and Analysis of Optical Time-domain Reflectometry in Strongly-coupled Multi-core Fiber

更新时间：2024-12-05

- Modeling and Analysis of Optical Time-domain Reflectometry in Strongly-coupled Multi-core Fiber
- Study on Optical Communications Issue 6, Pages: 23009501-23009505(2024)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.天津大学　精密仪器与光电子工程学院　光电信息技术教育部重点实验室&天津市集成光电子技术与器件重点实验室，天津　300072
  2.华为技术有限公司，广东　深圳　518129
  3.鹏城实验室，广东　深圳　518038
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.13756/j.gtxyj.2024.230095
  CLC： TN929
- Published：10 December 2024，
  
  Received：25 August 2023，
  
  Revised：27 September 2023，
- 稿件说明：
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邢瑞，杨志群，严晖，等. 耦合芯光纤的光时域反射效应建模及分析[J]. 光通信研究，2024(6):230095.

Xing R, Yang Z Q, Yan H, et al. Modeling and Analysis of Optical Time domain Reflectometry in Strongly coupled Multi core Fiber [J]. Study on Optical Communications, 2024(6):230095.
邢瑞，杨志群，严晖，等. 耦合芯光纤的光时域反射效应建模及分析[J]. 光通信研究，2024(6):230095. DOI： 10.13756/j.gtxyj.2024.230095.

Xing R, Yang Z Q, Yan H, et al. Modeling and Analysis of Optical Time domain Reflectometry in Strongly coupled Multi core Fiber [J]. Study on Optical Communications, 2024(6):230095. DOI： 10.13756/j.gtxyj.2024.230095.

摘要

【目的】

在现代通信领域，光纤因其超高的传输带宽和优良的光学特性，已成为光网络传输系统的重要传输媒介。耦合芯光纤是在一根光纤包层中集成了多个纤芯，以实现单纤数据传输能力的成倍提升。然而，纤芯数的增加也会引起附加信道损伤效应，反过来会影响光纤的传输性能和链路的通信质量。因此，研究耦合芯光纤信道效应的理论模型，尤其是厘清光时域反射过程和信道响应之间的关系，可为该类型光纤的实际链路铺设和应用提供重要参考。

【方法】

为了完善耦合芯光纤的光时域反射效应模型，文章首先从基本原理出发，概述了耦合芯光纤的正向传输理论和背向瑞利散射理论，详细推导了耦合模方程和瑞利散射功率的一般表达式，并给出了包括全局捕获因子在内的各个系数的定义和计算方法。在理论研究的基础上，文章还提出了一种耦合芯光纤中瑞利散射效应的建模方案，考虑到光纤端面反射对传输过程带来的影响，也给出了验证瑞利散射效应的技术路径。最后对模型仿真出的传输数据进行了处理，并参照设定参数进行了对比分析。

【结果】

文章构建了瑞利散射效应的仿真模型，计算了光时域反射后接收的散射功率曲线。仿真结果表明，接收的散射功率结果与设定参数大小吻合，误差在5%以内。

【结论】

较高的结果精度表明，文章所提模型能够有效反映耦合芯光纤中的瑞利散射效应，为使用光时域反射技术进行耦合芯光纤的精准参数测试奠定了理论基础。

Abstract

【Objective】

In the modern field of communications

optical fibers have become an important transmission medium in optical network systems due to their ultra-high transmission bandwidth and excellent optical properties. Multi-core optical fibers integrate multiple cores within a single fiber cladding to significantly enhance the data transmission capacity of a single fiber. However

an increase in the number of cores can also lead to additional channel impairment effects

which in turn affect the transmission performance and communication quality of the fiber link. Therefore

studying the theoretical model of the channel effects in coupled-core optical fibers

especially clarifying the relationship between the optical time-domain reflectometry process and channel response

can provide important references for the practical deployment and application of multi-core fibers.

【Methods】

To refine the model of optical time-domain reflection effects in coupled-core optical fibers

the article begins with basic principles

outlining the theories of forward transmission and backward Rayleigh scattering in coupled-core optical fibers. It details the derivation of coupled mode equations and the general expression for Rayleigh scattering power

including definitions and calculation methods for various coefficients such as the total capture factor. Based on the theoretical research

the article also proposes a modeling scheme for Rayleigh scattering effects in coupled-core optical fibers

taking into account the impact of fiber end-face reflection on the transmission process and providing a technical route to verify the Rayleigh scattering effects. Finally

the article processes the transmission data simulated by the model and conducts a comparative analysis based on the set parameters.

【Results】

The article constructs a simulation model for Rayleigh scattering effects

calculating the scattering power curve received after optical time-domain reflection. The simulation results show that the received scattering power is consistent with the set parameters

with an error within 5%.

【Conclusion】

The high precision of the results indicates that the model proposed in the article effectively reflects the Rayleigh scattering effects in coupled-core optical fibers

laying a theoretical foundation for accurately testing parameters of coupled-core optical fibers using optical time-domain reflectometry technology.

关键词

空分复用强耦合多芯光纤瑞利散射光时域反射

Keywords

space division multiplexingstrongly-coupled multi-core fiberRayleigh scatteringoptical time domain reflectometry

references

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Hayashi T, Tamura Y, Hasegawa T, et al. Record-low Spatial Mode Dispersion and Ultra-low Loss Coupled Multi-core Fiber for Ultra-long-haul Transmission[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2017, 35(3):450-457.

邱英, 陶金, 刘子晨, 等. 多芯光纤扇入扇出技术发展现状及展望[J]. 光通信研究, 2021(1):42-48.

Qiu Y, Tao J, Liu Z C, et al. Investigation of Fan In and Fan Out Technologies for Multi Core Fiber[J]. Study on Optical communications, 2021(1):42-48.

张泽霖, 周慧, 秦钰, 等. 弱耦合多芯少模光纤的声波导布里渊散射特性[J]. 光通信研究, 2023(2):23-28.

Zhang Z L, Zhou H, Qin Y, et al. Characteristics of Guided Acoustic Wave Brillouin Scattering in Uncoupled Seven-core Few-mode Fiber[J]. Study on Optical Communications, 2023(2):23-28.

Ryf R, Sierra A, Essiambre R J, et al. Coherent 1 200-km 6×6 MIMO Mode-multiplexed Transmission over 3-core Microstructured Fiber[C]//2011 37th European Conference and Exhibition on Optical Communication. Geneva, Switzerland: IEEE, 2011:6065935.

Ho K P, Kahn J M. Mode-dependent Loss and Gain: Statistics and Effect on Mode-division Multiplexing[J]. Optics Express, 2011, 19(17):16612-16635.

Ryf R, Alvarado-Zacarias J C, Wittek S, et al. Coupled-core Transmission over 7-core Fiber[C]//Optical Fiber Communication Conference Postdeadline Papers 2019. San Diego, CA, USA: OSA, 2019:Th4B. 3.

Yu D, Fu S, Cao Z, et al. Characterization of Rayleigh Backscattering Arising in Various Two-mode Fibers[J]. Optics Express, 2016, 24(11):12192-12201.

王震. 少模光纤中的光时域反射技术[D]. 天津: 天津大学, 2017.

Wang Z. Optical Time-domain Reflectometry for Few-mode Optical Fibers[D]. Tianjin, China: Tianjin University, 2017.

Nakazawa M. Theory of Backward Rayleigh Scattering in Polarization-maintaining Single-mode Fibers and Its Application to Polarization Optical Time Domain Reflectometry[J]. IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, 1983, 19(5):854-861.

陈爽, 王玲, 冯莹. 光纤端面反射对高功率光纤放大器特性的影响[J]. 强激光与粒子束, 2008, 20(12):1997-2000.

Chen S, Wang L, Feng Y. Effects of Reflection of Fiber End on Characteristics of High Power Fiber Amplifier[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 2008, 20(12):1997-2000.

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