Zhao Minglu1, Wang Dingli1, Ma Weidong1. Advances in manufacturing processes for lithium niobate waveguides[J]. 2012,(2):35-38. DOI: 10.13756/j.gtxyj.2012.02.005.
This paper presents an overview of the theories and several commonly used manufacturing processes for lithium niobate waveguides
including out-diffusion of lithium oxide from the crystal surface
in-diffusion of metals
iron exchange and proton exchange
and analyzes
compares and summarizes the effects of different processes on the performances of the waveguides.At the present
Ti diffusion and proton exchange are the main channels for achieving high quality lithium niobate waveguides.In addition
it introduces the theoretical correlation between the optical properties and structural characteristics of lithium niobate waveguides gradually built up in recent studies.