With the rapid development of visible light communication technology and other emerging optical communication technologies and the increasing demand for optical terminal multi-user access networking communications

the study on the multiple access technologies in the optical field gradually highlights their significance.At present

the major multiple access technologies in the optical field include Optical Wavelength Division Multiple Access（OWDMA）technology

Optical Code Division Multiple Access（OCDMA）technology

Optical Time Division Multiple Address（OTDMA）technology

Sub-Carrier Multiple Access（SCMA）technology and the corresponding hybrid multiple access technologies.This paper introduces their basic principles

main characteristics and applications and on the basis of analyzing and comparing their performances provides the theoretical basis of their selection for the optical terminal multi-user access communication systems.In addition

it predicts the trend of their future development.