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基于光纤光栅的锂电池表面物理场监测
Surface Physical Field Monitoring of Lithium Ion Batteries based on Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors
- 光通信研究 2025年第5期
- 作者机构：
湖北工业大学 电气与电子工程学院，武汉 430068
- 作者简介：
胡胜（1982-），男，湖南宁乡人。讲师，博士，主要研究方向为光电信号处理与光纤传感技术及应用。
宋海娜，讲师。E-mail：songhn_cqupt@163.com
- 基金信息：国家自然科学基金资助项目(62202148)
DOI：10.13756/j.gtxyj.2025.250253
中图分类号： TN253收稿：2025-07-14，
修回：2025-08-25，
纸质出版：2025-10-10
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
胡胜，李景琦，何怡婷，等. 基于光纤光栅的锂电池表面物理场监测[J]. 光通信研究，2025(5): 250253.
Hu S, Li J Q, He Y T, et al. Surface Physical Field Monitoring of Lithium Ion Batteries based on Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors[J]. Study on Optical Communications, 2025(5): 250253.
胡胜，李景琦，何怡婷，等. 基于光纤光栅的锂电池表面物理场监测[J]. 光通信研究，2025(5): 250253. DOI： 10.13756/j.gtxyj.2025.250253.
Hu S, Li J Q, He Y T, et al. Surface Physical Field Monitoring of Lithium Ion Batteries based on Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors[J]. Study on Optical Communications, 2025(5): 250253. DOI： 10.13756/j.gtxyj.2025.250253.
摘要
【目的】
2
光纤布拉格光栅（FBG）传感器因其非侵入性、成本低和安装便捷等优势，在锂离子电池（LIBs）表面状态监测中展现出广泛应用前景。然而，传统单点式或低通道数布设方案难以全面捕捉电池表面热-机械行为，影响对内部电化学过程的有效解析。
【方法】
2
针对此问题，文章设计并构建了一套由6通道、24个FBG组成的高密度传感阵列，黏附于三元LIBs单体表面，实现多点温度和应变的同步监测。
【结果】
2
结果表明，常规C率循环中监测到电池表面温升可达25 ℃，应力峰值约900 με，循环结束后表面最大应力累积为450 με。在正常C率下，电池的温升和应变与C率呈正相关。但在高C率下，过快的充放电速度不能满足温度、应力的转移与累积需要在较长时间内完成的要求。监测结果反映出电化学过程引发的电池温升、体积膨胀及应力传导效应。
【结论】
2
该FBG传感系统能够实现对LIBs热-机械状态的原位感知，获取温度与应力的空间分布信息，有利于监测LIBs的热失控及形变故障，研究结果可为LIBs电化学演化机理提供有效的实验依据。
Abstract
【Objective】
2
Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors
with their non-invasive nature
low cost
and ease of installation
have great potential for monitoring the surface states of Lithium Ion Batteries (LIBs). However
conventional single-point or low-channel deployment schemes struggle to capture the full thermo-mechanical response across the battery surface
compromising the ability to effectively resolve internal electrochemical processes.
【Methods】
2
To address this
a high-density sensing array comprising 6 channels and 24 FBGs was attached to the surface of a prismatic ternary LIBs cell
enabling real-time
multi-point monitoring.
【Results】
2
Under conventional C-rate cycling
the system recorded surface temperature rises up to 25 °C and the peak strain achieves near 900 με
with a final accumulated strain of 450 με. While temperature and strain scale with C-rate under normal conditions
this relationship breaks down at higher rates due to insufficient time for heat and stress transfer. These findings highlight the roles of electrochemically driven thermal buildup
volumetric expansion
and stress propagation in battery operation.
【Conclusion】
2
This FBG sensing system enables in-situ characterization of the thermo-mechanical behavior of LIBs by capturing spatially resolved temperature and strain data. It supports early detection of thermal runaway and mechanical failure. The findings provide robust experimental evidence for elucidating the electrochemical evolution mechanisms of LIBs.
关键词
Keywords
references
Feng X , Ouyang M , Liu X , et al . Thermal Runaway Mechanism of Lithium Ion Battery for Electric Vehicles: a Review [J ] . Energy Storage Materials , 2018 , 10 : 246 - 267 .
Finegan D P , Scheel M , Robinson J B , et al . In-Operando High-Speed Tomography of Lithium-Ion Batteries during Thermal Runaway [J ] . Nature Communications , 2015 , 6 : 6924 .
周炜航 , 叶青 , 叶蕾 , 等 . 锂离子电池内温度场健康状态分布式光纤原位监测技术研究 [J ] . 中国激光 , 2020 , 47 ( 12 ): 154 - 163 .
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Bree G , Hao H , Stoeva Z , et al . Monitoring State of Charge and Volume Expansion in Lithium-Ion Batteries: an Approach Using Surface Mounted Thin-film Graphene Sensors [J ] . RSC Advances , 2023 , 13 ( 10 ): 7045 - 7054 .
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Nascimento M , Paixão T , Ferreira M S , et al . Thermal Mapping of a Lithium Polymer Batteries Pack with FBGs Network [J ] . Batteries , 2018 , 4 ( 4 ): 67 .
Nascimento M , Novais S , Ding M S , et al . Internal Strain and Temperature Discrimination with Optical Fiber Hybrid Sensors in Li-Ion Batteries [J ] . Journal of Power Sources , 2019 , 410 : 1 - 9 .
Huang J , Albero Blanquer L , Bonefacino J , et al . Operando Decoding of Chemical and Thermal Events in Commercial Na(Li)-Ion Cells via Optical Sensors [J ] . Nature Energy , 2020 , 5 ( 9 ): 674 - 683 .
Xia X , Wu W , Li Z , et al . State of Charge Estimation for Commercial Li-Ion Battery based on Simultaneously Strain and Temperature Monitoring over Optical Fiber Sensors [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement , 2024 , 73 : 2516411 .
Yi Z , Chen Z , Yin K , et al . Sensing as the Key to the Safety and Sustainability of New Energy Storage Devices [J ] . Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems , 2023 , 8 ( 2 ): 1 - 22 .
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