基于相变材料的多焦点自旋解耦超透镜

房俊锋; 高鹏; 陈聪; 戴耀威; 崔鸿忠; 黄涛; 冯星宇; 刘海

doi:10.13756/j.gtxyj.2025.250305

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基于相变材料的多焦点自旋解耦超透镜

专题：纪念创刊50周年 | 更新时间：2025-12-25

- 基于相变材料的多焦点自旋解耦超透镜
- Multifocal Spin-Decoupling Metalens based on Phase-Change Material
- 光通信研究 2025年第6期
- 作者机构：
  
  中国矿业大学　信息与控制工程学院，江苏　徐州　221116
- 作者简介：
  
  房俊锋（2001-），男，山东济宁人。硕士，主要研究方向为可调谐超透镜。
  刘海，教授。E-mail：lhai_hust@hotmail.com
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金资助项目(51874301);中国矿业大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(2025-00022)
- DOI：10.13756/j.gtxyj.2025.250305
  中图分类号： TN929
- 收稿：2025-09-15，
  
  修回：2025-10-20，
  
  纸质出版：2025-12-10
- 稿件说明：
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房俊锋，高鹏，陈聪，等. 基于相变材料的多焦点自旋解耦超透镜[J]. 光通信研究，2025(6): 250305.

Fang J F, Gao P, Chen C, et al. Multifocal Spin-Decoupling Metalens based on Phase-Change Material[J]. Study on Optical Communications, 2025(6): 250305.
房俊锋，高鹏，陈聪，等. 基于相变材料的多焦点自旋解耦超透镜[J]. 光通信研究，2025(6): 250305. DOI： 10.13756/j.gtxyj.2025.250305.

Fang J F, Gao P, Chen C, et al. Multifocal Spin-Decoupling Metalens based on Phase-Change Material[J]. Study on Optical Communications, 2025(6): 250305. DOI： 10.13756/j.gtxyj.2025.250305.

摘要

【目的】

偏振光自旋解耦在手性分子检测、偏振全息成像与偏振复用通信等领域具有重要应用前景。文章提出了两种基于相变材料Ge

（GSST）、工作波长为4.7 μm的中红外（MIR）多焦点超透镜。利用GSST材料在相变前后光学常数的显著差异，实现了入射圆偏振光中相反旋性圆偏振光分离与多焦点动态聚焦。

【方法】

文章设计主要采用传播相位与几何相位结合的方式，完成了多焦点自旋解耦超透镜表面相位分布设计。通过在单元库中选取8阶等效半波片微结构以覆盖0~2π相位，并将其排列在CaF

基底上形成超透镜阵列。

【结果】

首先设计了基于GSST材料的双焦点超透镜，其可以将入射圆偏振光转化为旋性相反的圆偏振光，并聚焦在沿透镜轴向的左旋圆偏振（LCP）与右旋圆偏振（RCP）双焦点位置；通过外部激励调控GSST的结晶水平，可实现聚焦强度的连续可调。在此基础上，进一步构建了可实现多焦点独立调控的4焦点超透镜结构，以扩展聚焦功能的灵活性。其被设计成一种同心双环的结构，内、外双环的相位分布各对应两个焦点，因此独特的双环结构可将圆偏振光聚焦于4个不同焦点。通过联合调控入射光的偏振态以及同心双环结构中微单元GSST的结晶状态，可实现4焦点不同位置间的动态聚焦。

【结论】

目前基于相变材料的超透镜研究多集中于双焦点和光开关设计，主要关注焦距切换和波前重构等方向。而在多焦点动态聚焦与偏振自旋解耦的联合调控方面仍缺乏系统性研究。上述两类超透镜均实现了可调谐的自旋解耦并聚焦圆偏振光功能，在三维显微层析成像、手性分子检测以及通信系统的偏振光复用等领域具有较强的潜在应用价值。

Abstract

【Objective】

Polarization spin decoupling holds broad application prospects in polarization-sensitive fields such as chiral molecule detection

polarization holographic imaging

and multiplexed optical communication. In this work

we propose two types of Mid-Infrared (MIR) multifocal metalenses operating at a wavelength of 4.7 μm

based on the phase-change material Ge

(GSST). By exploiting the pronounced contrast in optical constants between the amorphous and crystalline states of GSST

the designs enable separation of incident circularly polarized light with opposite handedness and dynamic multifocal focusing.

【Methods】

The phase distribution of the multifocal spin-decoupled metalenses is achieved through a combination of propagation and geometric phases. A library of microstructures with equivalent half-wave plate functionality is constructed to cover a continuous 0~2π phase range

from which eight discrete phase levels are selected. These microstructures are then arranged on a CaF

substrate to form the metasurface array.

【Results】

The first design is a bifocal metalens that converts incident circular polarization light into the opposite helicity and focuses it at two axial focal points corresponding to Left-handed Circular Polarization (LCP) and Right-handed Circular Polarization (RCP). By externally tuning the crystallization level of GSST

the focal intensity at these positions can be continuously adjusted. On this basis

a four-focal metalens structure capable of independent multi-focal point control was further constructed to expand the flexibility of the focusing function. It is designed as a concentric double-ring structure

with the phase distribution of the inner and outer double rings each corresponding to two focal points. This unique double-ring structure can focus circularly polarized light at four different focal points. By jointly controlling the polarization state of the incident light and the crystallization state of the micro-unit GSST in the concentric double-ring structure

dynamic focusing among the four focal points can be achieved.

【Conclusion】

Currently

research on metalenses based on phase-change materials focuses on the design of bifocal and optical switch functions

with a primary focus on focal length switching and wavefront reconstruction. However

systematic research on the combined control of multi-focus dynamic focusing and polarization spin decoupling is still lacking. Both of these metalenses achieve tunable spin decoupling and focus circularly polarized light

offering promising applications in three-dimensional microtomography

chiral molecule detection

and polarization multiplexing in communication systems.

关键词

Keywords

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