基于CNN的通信光缆事件检测技术研究

张剑羽; 徐瑞晚; 沈力; 于文海; 梅亮

doi:10.13756/j.gtxyj.2026.240183

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基于CNN的通信光缆事件检测技术研究

光传感与检测技术 | 更新时间：2026-03-03

- 基于CNN的通信光缆事件检测技术研究
- Research on Event Detection Technology for Fiber Optic Cable based on CNN
- 光通信研究 2026年第1期
- 作者机构：
  
  1.武汉邮电科学研究院，武汉　 430074
  2.烽火通信科技股份有限公司　网络产出线，武汉　 430205
- 作者简介：
  
  张剑羽（2000-），女，湖北武汉人。硕士，主要研究方向为机器学习和光通信技术。
  梅亮，正高级工程师。E-mail：lmei@fiberhome.com
- 基金信息：
  
  国家重点研发计划基金资助项目(2021YFB1808200)
- DOI：10.13756/j.gtxyj.2026.240183
  中图分类号： TN929
- 收稿：2024-08-26，
  
  修回：2024-09-12，
  
  纸质出版：2026-02-10
- 稿件说明：
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张剑羽，徐瑞晚，沈力，等. 基于CNN的通信光缆事件检测技术研究[J]. 光通信研究，2026(1): 240183.

Zhang J Y, Xu R W, Shen L, et al. Research on Event Detection Technology for Fiber Optic Cable based on CNN[J]. Study on Optical Communications, 2026(1): 240183.
张剑羽，徐瑞晚，沈力，等. 基于CNN的通信光缆事件检测技术研究[J]. 光通信研究，2026(1): 240183. DOI： 10.13756/j.gtxyj.2026.240183.

Zhang J Y, Xu R W, Shen L, et al. Research on Event Detection Technology for Fiber Optic Cable based on CNN[J]. Study on Optical Communications, 2026(1): 240183. DOI： 10.13756/j.gtxyj.2026.240183.

摘要

目的

光纤故障识别是无源光网络中的重要功能。随着信息技术的高速发展与通信容量需求的不断升级，光网络体系结构变得越来越复杂，对于其中光纤链路事件点的定位检测也越发困难。光时域反射仪（OTDR）作为光纤故障检测的重要手段，能够定位光纤中的事件位置和评估光纤的状态。针对目前OTDR事件检测方法存在阈值固定、噪声干扰和定位精度不高等问题，文章提出了一种以卷积神经网络（CNN）为主要框架的OTDR事件检测新方法。

方法

模型采用仿真数据进行训练，以经过预处理后的时域曲线及其对应的方差和差分曲线作为输入，并预测OTDR迹线上事件的精确位置。在CNN模型的基础上构建高效通道注意力（ECA）机制。通过增强通道间的特征表示，自适应地调整不同通道的重要性，学习OTDR迹线的多层次特征，提升模型的性能。

结果

文章中实验以OTDR为基础完成测试数据采集。在采集的数据集上，模型预测事件的召回率达到93.0%，精确率达到94.7%。

结论

相比传统的事件检测方法，文章所提方法无需阈值选择，仅通过归一化预处理就可以自动学习和提取特征进行事件识别。实验结果显示，该方法具有较高的识别准确率与数据适应性，为相关的实践开发提供了有效的理论验证与实例展示。

Abstract

Objective

Fiber fault identification is an important function in passive optical networks. With the rapid development of information technology and the continuous upgrading of communication capacity demand

the optical network architecture has become increasingly complex

and the location and detection of event points in fiber links have thus become more challenging. Optical Time-Domain Reflectometer (OTDR)

as an important means of fiber fault detection

is able to locate the events in the fiber and assess the state of the fiber. Aiming at the problems of fixed threshold

noise interference

and low localization accuracy that exist in the current OTDR event detection methods

this paper proposes a new OTDR event detection method using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) as the main framework.

Methods

The model is trained with simulated data

taking the preprocessed time-domain curves as well as their corresponding variances and difference curves as input

and predicts the precise locations of events on the OTDR traces. Efficient Channel Attention (ECA) mechanism is constructed on the basis of CNN model. By enhancing the feature representation between channels

adaptively adjusting the importance of different channels

and learning the multilevel features of OTDR traces

the performance of the model is improved.

Results

The experiments are completed with OTDR as the basis for test data acquisition. On the experimental dataset

the model could allocate events with recall of 93.0% and precision of 94.7%.

Conclusion

Compared with traditional event detection methods

this event detection method can automatically learn and extract the features only using normalized OTDR data that is independent of the chosen threshold. The results show that the method has high detection accuracy and data adaptability

which provides an effective theoretical validation and example demonstration for the practical development.

关键词

Keywords

references

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