分布式光纤声波传感及其进展研究

王龙生; 谢欣; 姚猛; 邹辉

doi:10.13756/j.gtxyj.2025.240100

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分布式光纤声波传感及其进展研究

光纤光缆技术与应用 | 更新时间：2025-10-15

- 分布式光纤声波传感及其进展研究
- Distributed Optical Fiber Acoustic Wave Sensing and Its Progress
- 光通信研究 2025年第5期
- 作者机构：
  
  1.中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司　通信信号研究所，北京　100081
  2.南京邮电大学　电子与光学工程学院，南京　210023
- 作者简介：
  
  王龙生（1988-），男，广西桂林人。副研究员，主要从事铁路通信方面的研究。
  邹辉，教授，博士。E-mail：huizou@njupt.edu.cn
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.13756/j.gtxyj.2025.240100
  中图分类号： TN929
- 收稿：2024-05-21，
  
  修回：2024-07-15，
  
  纸质出版：2025-10-10
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
王龙生，谢欣，姚猛，等. 分布式光纤声波传感及其进展研究[J]. 光通信研究，2025(5): 240100.

Wang L S, Xie X, Yao M, et al. Distributed Optical Fiber Acoustic Wave Sensing and Its Progress[J]. Study on Optical Communications, 2025(5): 240100.
王龙生，谢欣，姚猛，等. 分布式光纤声波传感及其进展研究[J]. 光通信研究，2025(5): 240100. DOI： 10.13756/j.gtxyj.2025.240100.

Wang L S, Xie X, Yao M, et al. Distributed Optical Fiber Acoustic Wave Sensing and Its Progress[J]. Study on Optical Communications, 2025(5): 240100. DOI： 10.13756/j.gtxyj.2025.240100.

摘要

分布式光纤传感技术以光纤作为传感传输媒介，通过在光纤沿线位置获取声波振幅和相位并进行处理得到其相应信息，具有体积小巧、灵敏度高、本征绝缘、抗电磁干扰和可多路复用等明显优势，因此在声波探测领域得到了广泛应用。文章首先概述了分布式光纤声波传感（DAS）系统的结构及其解调方法，对空间分辨率与传感距离、响应频率和信噪比提升层面发展进程进行了论述。接着介绍了DAS系统在周界安全、地震波探测、铁路监测和电力监测应用领域的发展。最后，对DAS系统的未来进行展望，首先需要注意在保持优良信噪比的情况下尽可能延长距离以及提高精度；其次，需要解决不同场景下应用的适应性问题，以确保工作时具有良好的稳定性；最后，需要探索光纤传感与其他学科多领域结合的方法。

Abstract

Distributed optical fiber sensing technology uses optical fiber as the sensing transmission medium to obtain sound wave amplitude and phase along the optical fiber and process the corresponding information. It has obvious advantages such as small size

high sensitivity

intrinsic insulation

anti-electromagnetic interference and multiplexing

so it is widely used in the field of acoustic detection. In this paper

the structure and demodulation method of Distributed Optical Fiber Acoustic Sensing (DAS) system are summarized

and the development process of spatial resolution and sensing distance

response frequency and signal-to-noise ratio are discussed. Then

the development of DAS system in the fields of perimeter security

seismic wave detection

railway monitoring and power monitoring is summarized. Finally

future prospects for DAS are discussed: first

extending range while preserving high signal-to-noise ratio and improving accuracy; second

tailoring the system to diverse scenarios to guarantee operational stability; and third

exploring interdisciplinary integration of fiber-optic sensing with other fields.

关键词

Keywords

references

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