模式匹配量子密钥分发中的后脉冲效应（特邀）

李振华; 韩雁鑫; 窦天琦; 颜旭; 华昕; 肖希; 唐建军

doi:10.13756/j.gtxyj.2025.250070

您当前的位置：

首页 >

文章列表页 >

模式匹配量子密钥分发中的后脉冲效应（特邀）

专题：光量子芯片 | 更新时间：2025-06-18

- 模式匹配量子密钥分发中的后脉冲效应（特邀）
- Afterpulse Effects in Mode-Pairing Quantum Key Distribution
- 光通信研究 2025年第3期
- 作者机构：
  
  1.中国电信股份有限公司研究院，北京　 102209
  2.国家信息光电子创新中心，武汉　 430074
- 作者简介：
  
  李振华（1995-），男，山东泰安人。工程师，博士，主要研究方向为量子密码与量子通信。
  唐建军，正高级工程师。E-mail：tangjj6@chinatelecom.cn
- 基金信息：
  
  科技创新2030资助项目(2021ZD0301300)
- DOI：10.13756/j.gtxyj.2025.250070
  中图分类号： TN918
- 收稿日期：2025-03-04，
  
  修回日期：2025-04-08，
  
  纸质出版日期：2025-06-10
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
李振华，韩雁鑫，窦天琦，等. 模式匹配量子密钥分发中的后脉冲效应[J]. 光通信研究，2025(3): 250070.

Li Z H, Han Y X, Dou T Q, et al. Afterpulse Effects in Mode-Pairing Quantum Key Distribution[J]. Study on Optical Communications, 2025(3): 250070.
李振华，韩雁鑫，窦天琦，等. 模式匹配量子密钥分发中的后脉冲效应[J]. 光通信研究，2025(3): 250070. DOI： 10.13756/j.gtxyj.2025.250070.

Li Z H, Han Y X, Dou T Q, et al. Afterpulse Effects in Mode-Pairing Quantum Key Distribution[J]. Study on Optical Communications, 2025(3): 250070. DOI： 10.13756/j.gtxyj.2025.250070.

摘要

【目的】

模式匹配（MP）-量子密钥分发（QKD）因其突破了无中继量子信道码率-距离限制，并且无需相位锁定，受到广泛关注。然而，随着QKD系统频率的提升，探测器的后脉冲效应逐渐显现，并对系统的安全性和鲁棒性产生了不利影响。

【方法】

文章提出了一种基于MP-QKD的后脉冲改进方案，并且通过优化系统参数减少了后脉冲效应对安全密钥率的影响。

【结果】

研究结果表明，在后脉冲概率高达10%的情况下，文章所提方案也能保证在长距离下系统的安全密钥率仍能保持与无后脉冲情况下的基准曲线相当，表明此方案具有较强的鲁棒性。

【结论】

文章所提MP-QKD改进方案能够有效抑制后脉冲效应的影响，提升系统在高频率和长距离通信中的稳定性和安全性。未来，随着QKD技术的普及和高频系统的广泛应用，提升MP-QKD在更加复杂的通信场景中的表现，将有效促进量子通信网络的规模化部署和商业化应用。

Abstract

【Objective】

Mode-Pairing (MP)-Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) has garnered widespread attention due to its ability to overcome the repeaterless quantum channel rate-distance limit and its independence from phase locking. However

as the frequency of QKD systems increases

the afterpulse effect in detectors becomes more pronounced

negatively affecting the system's security and robustness.

【Methods】

In this paper

we propose an improved afterpulse model for MP-QKD and optimize the system parameters to reduce the afterpulse effect on the secure key rate.

【Results】

The results show that

even with an afterpulse probability as high as 10%

the proposed scheme ensures that the system's secure key rate remains comparable to the baseline curve without afterpulse

indicating the robustness of the scheme.

【Conclusion】

The proposed MP-QKD method effectively suppresses the afterpulse effect

enhancing the system's stability and security in high-frequency and long-distance communications. In the future

as QKD technology becomes more widespread and high-frequency systems are increasingly deployed

improving the performance of MP-QKD in more complex communication scenarios will significantly promote the large-scale deployment and commercialization of quantum communication networks.

关键词

Keywords

references

Bennett C H , Brassard G . Quantum Cryptography: Public Key Distribution and Coin Tossing [J ] . Theoretical Computer Science , 2014 , 560 : 7 - 11 .

Wang X B . Beating the Photon-number-splitting Attack in Practical Quantum Cryptography [J ] . Physical Review Letters , 2005 , 94 ( 23 ): 230503 .

靳安然 , 李鹤 . 混合连续—离散变量量子密钥分发 [J ] . 光通信研究 , 2023 ( 3 ): 24 - 31 .

Jin A R , Li H . Hybrid Continuous-discrete Variable Quantum Key Distribution [J ] . Study on Optical Communications , 2023 ( 3 ): 24 - 31 .

赵常兰 , 王天一 . 基于GMM的幅度相位联合编码CVQKD安全性分析 [J ] . 激光技术 , 2024 , 48 ( 3 ): 295 - 302 .

Zhao C L , Wang T Y . GMM-based Amplitude-phase Joint Coding CVQKD Security Analysis [J ] . Laser Technology , 2024 , 48 ( 3 ): 295 - 302 .

Liao S K , Cai W Q , Liu W Y , et al . Satellite-to-ground Quantum Key Distribution [J ] . Nature , 2017 , 549 ( 7670 ): 43 - 47 .

Liu Y , Zhang W J , Jiang C , et al . Experimental Twin-field Quantum Key Distribution over 1 000 km Fiber Distance [J ] . Physical Review Letters , 2023 , 130 ( 21 ): 210801 .

Pirandola S , Laurenza R , Ottaviani C , et al . Fundamental Limits of Repeaterless Quantum Communications [J ] . Nature Communications , 2017 , 8 : 15043 .

Lucamarini M , Yuan Z L , Dynes J F , et al . Overcoming the Rate-distance Limit of Quantum Key Distribution without Quantum Repeaters [J ] . Nature , 2018 , 557 ( 7705 ): 400 - 403 .

Pittaluga M , Minder M , Lucamarini M , et al . 600-km Repeater-like Quantum Communications with Dual-band Stabilization [J ] . Nature Photonics , 2021 , 15 ( 7 ): 530 - 535 .

Zeng P , Zhou H , Wu W , et al . Mode-pairing Quantum Key Distribution [J ] . Nature Communications , 2022 , 13 : 3903 .

Xie Y M , Lu Y S , Weng C X , et al . Breaking the Rate-loss Bound of Quantum Key Distribution with Asynchronous Two-photon Interference [J ] . PRX Quantum , 2022 , 3 ( 2 ): 020315 .

Zhu H T , Huang Y , Liu H , et al . Experimental Mode-pairing Measurement-device-independent Quantum Key Distribution without Global Phase Locking [J ] . Physical Review Letters , 2023 , 130 ( 3 ): 030801 .

Zhou L , Lin J , Xie Y M , et al . Experimental Quantum Communication Overcomes the Rate-loss Limit without Global Phase Tracking [J ] . Physical Review Letters , 2023 , 130 ( 25 ): 250801 .

Zhu H T , Huang Y , Pan W X , et al . Field Test of Mode-pairing Quantum Key Distribution [J ] . Optica , 2024 , 11 ( 6 ): 883 .

Li Z , Dou T , Cheng M , et al . Field Experimental Mode-pairing Quantum Key Distribution with Intensity Fluctuations [J ] . Optics Letters , 2024 , 49 ( 23 ): 6609 - 6612 .

Zhang J , Itzler M A , Zbinden H , et al . Advances in In-GaAs/InP Single-photon Detector Systems for Quantum Communication [J ] . Light: Science & Applications , 2015 , 4 ( 5 ): e286 .

Li H , Jiang H , Gao M , et al . Statistical-fluctuation Analysis for Quantum Key Distribution with Consideration of After-pulse Contributions [J ] . Physical Review A , 2015 , 92 ( 6 ): 062344 .

Wang F X , Chen W , Li Y P , et al . Non-markovian Property of Afterpulsing Effect in Single-photon Avalanche Detector [J ] . Journal of Lightwave Technology , 2016 , 34 ( 15 ): 3610 - 3615 .

Yoshizawa A , Kaji R , Tsuchida H . After-pulse-discarding in Single-photon Detection to Reduce Bit Errors in Quantum Key Distribution [J ] . Optics Express , 2003 , 11 ( 11 ): 1303 .

Jain N , Stiller B , Khan I , et al . Risk Analysis of Trojan-horse Attacks on Practical Quantum Key Distribution Systems [J ] . IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics , 2015 , 21 ( 3 ): 6600710 .

Marsili F , Najafi F , Dauler E , et al . Afterpulsing and Instability in Superconducting Nanowire Avalanche Photodetectors [J ] . Applied Physics Letters , 2012 , 100 ( 11 ): 112601 .

Fujiwara M , Tanaka A , Takahashi S , et al . Afterpulse-like Phenomenon of Superconducting Single Photon Detector in High Speed Quantum Key Distribution System [J ] . Optics Express , 2011 , 19 ( 20 ): 19562 - 19571 .

Burenkov V , Xu H , Qi B , et al . Investigations of Afterpulsing and Detection Efficiency Recovery in Superconducting Nanowire Single-photon Detectors [J ] . Journal of Applied Physics , 2013 , 113 ( 21 ): 213102 .

Kerman A J , Rosenberg D , Molnar R J , et al . Readout of Superconducting Nanowire Single-photon Detectors at High Count Rates [J ] . Journal of Applied Physics , 2013 , 113 ( 14 ): 144511 .

Miki S , Yabuno M , Yamashita T , et al . Stable, High-performance Operation of a Fiber-coupled Superconducting Nanowire Avalanche Photon Detector [J ] . Optics Express , 2017 , 25 ( 6 ): 6796 - 6804 .

Fan-Yuan G J , Wang C , Wang S , et al . Afterpulse Analysis for Quantum Key Distribution [J ] . Physical Review Applied , 2018 , 10 ( 6 ): 064032 .

Wang Z H , Wang S , Fan-Yuan G J , et al . Afterpulse Effect in Measurement-device-independent Quantum Key Distribution [J ] . Optics Express , 2022 , 30 ( 16 ): 28534 - 28549 .

Jiang C , Yu Z W , Hu X L , et al . Higher Key Rate of Measurement-device-independent Quantum Key Distribution through Joint Data Processing [J ] . Physical Review A , 2021 , 103 : 012402 .

Chau H F . Security of Finite-key-length Measurement-device-independent Quantum Key Distribution Using an Arbitrary Number of Decoys [J ] . Physical Review A , 2020 , 102 : 012611 .

Xu F , Curty M , Qi B , et al . Practical Aspects of Measurement-device-independent Quantum Key Distribution [J ] . New Journal of Physics , 2013 , 15 ( 11 ): 113007 .

Tomamichel M , Lim C C W , Gisin N , et al . Tight Finite-key Analysis for Quantum Cryptography [J ] . Nature Communications , 2012 , 3 : 634 .

Curty M , Xu F , Cui W , et al . Finite-key Analysis for Measurement-device-independent Quantum Key Distribution [J ] . Nature Communications , 2014 , 5 : 3732 .

Li Z , Dou T , Xie Y , et al . Mode Pairing Quantum Key Distribution with Light Source Monitoring [J ] . New Journal of Physics , 2024 , 26 ( 9 ): 093011 .

Yin H L , Zhou M G , Gu J , et al . Tight Security Bounds for Decoy-state Quantum Key Distribution [J ] . Scientific Reports , 2020 , 10 ( 1 ): 14312 .

Kennedy J . Encyclopedia of Machine Learning [M ] . Boston, MA : Springer , 2011 .

Xu F , Xu H , Lo H K . Protocol Choice and Parameter Optimization in Decoy-state Measurement-device-independent Quantum Key Distribution [J ] . Physical Review A , 2014 , 89 ( 5 ): 052333 .

浏览量

下载量

CSCD

CNKI被引量

文章被引用时，请邮件提醒。

提交

工具集

关联资源

基于黑盒的量子密钥分发网络测评方法研究

量子密钥分发与经典通信融合共纤传输研究

基于硅基光子学的量子密钥分发研究进展（特邀）

混合连续—离散变量量子密钥分发

量子密钥分发光网络生存性技术研究