Recent Advances in High-Performance Erbium-Doped Waveguide Amplifiers

CHEN Baobao; ZHOU Peiqi; CHEN Daigao; WANG Dong; TAN Min; XIAO Xi

doi:10.13756/j.gtxyj.2026.250338

您当前的位置：

首页 >

文章列表页 >

Recent Advances in High-Performance Erbium-Doped Waveguide Amplifiers

更新时间：2026-03-03

- Recent Advances in High-Performance Erbium-Doped Waveguide Amplifiers
- Study on Optical Communications Issue 1, (2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.华中科技大学　集成电路学院，武汉　 430074
  2.中国信息通信科技集团有限公司　光通信技术和网络全国重点实验室　武汉　 430074
  3.中国信息通信科技集团有限公司　国家信息光电子创新中心，武汉　 430074
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.13756/j.gtxyj.2026.250338
  CLC： TN256
- Received：29 October 2025，
  
  Revised：2025-11-26，
  
  Published：10 February 2026
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
陈宝宝，周佩奇，陈代高，等. 掺铒波导放大器的高性能化最新进展[J]. 光通信研究，2026(1): 250338.

Chen B B, Zhou P Q, Chen D G, et al. Recent Advances in High-Performance Erbium-Doped Waveguide Amplifiers[J]. Study on Optical Communications, 2026(1): 250338.
陈宝宝，周佩奇，陈代高，等. 掺铒波导放大器的高性能化最新进展[J]. 光通信研究，2026(1): 250338. DOI： 10.13756/j.gtxyj.2026.250338.

Chen B B, Zhou P Q, Chen D G, et al. Recent Advances in High-Performance Erbium-Doped Waveguide Amplifiers[J]. Study on Optical Communications, 2026(1): 250338. DOI： 10.13756/j.gtxyj.2026.250338.

摘要

随着数据中心、第五/六代移动通信（5G/6G）及高性能计算对带宽需求的爆炸式增长，片上光子集成回路成为实现高密度和低损耗信息处理的关键。作为补偿光子芯片中信号损耗的关键器件，掺铒波导放大器（EDWA）凭借其小型化、低功耗与高集成度等优势，在光通信、传感与光电子系统中展现出重要应用价值。文章系统综述了掺杂稀土离子集成放大器的最新进展，深入分析了影响EDWA核心性能指标的关键因素，并比较了基于不同波分复用（WDM）方案的EDWA的性能优劣。最后，文章展望了高性能EDWA的发展方向，指出其在实现动态增益调控、异构集成与宽带化方面的潜力，为推动EDWA从实验室研究走向规模化通信应用提供了技术参考。

Abstract

The explosive growth in bandwidth demand driven by data centers

the 5th/6th Generation Network (5G/6G) communications

and high-performance computing has made photonic integrated circuits crucial for high-density

low-loss information processing. As key devices for compensating signal loss in photonic chips

Erbium-Doped Waveguide Amplifier (EDWA) s have demonstrated significant application potential in optical communications

sensing

and optoelectronic systems due to its miniaturization

low power consumption

and high integration capability. This review systematically summarizes recent advances in rare-earth-ion-doped integrated amplifiers. It provides an in-depth analysis of key factors affecting core performance metrics of EDWA

and compares the performance advantages and limitations of different Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) schemes. Finally

we outline future development directions for high-performance EDWA

highlighting their potential in dynamic gain control

heterogeneous integration

and broadband operation

thereby offering technical insights to facilitate the transition of EDWA from laboratory research to large-scale communication applications.

关键词

Keywords

references

Becker P C , Olsson N A , Simpson J R . Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers: Fundamentals and Technology [M ] . San Diego, USA : Academic Press , 1999 .

Bradley J D B , Pollnau M . Erbium-Doped Integrated Waveguide Amplifiers and Lasers [J ] . Laser & Photonics Reviews , 2011 , 5 ( 3 ): 368 - 403 .

Belt M , Blumenthal D J . Erbium-Doped Waveguide DBR and DFB Laser Arrays Integrated within an Ultra-Low-Loss Si 3 N 4 Platform [J ] . Optics Express , 2014 , 22 ( 9 ): 10655 - 10660 .

Brüske D , Suntsov S , Rüter C E , et al . Efficient Ridge Waveguide Amplifiers and Lasers in Er-Doped Lithium Niobate by Optical Grade Dicing and Three-Side Er and Ti in-Diffusion [J ] . Optics Express , 2017 , 25 ( 23 ): 29374 - 29379 .

Suntsov S , Rüter C E , Kip D . Er: Ti: LiNbO 3 Ridge Waveguide Optical Amplifiers by Optical Grade Dicing and Three-Side Er and Ti in-Diffusion [J ] . Applied Physics B , 2017 , 123 ( 4 ): 118 .

Liang Y , Zhou J , Liu Z , et al . A High-Gain Cladded Waveguide Amplifier on Erbium Doped Thin-Film Lithium Niobate Fabricated Using Photolithography Assisted Chemo-Mechanical Etching [J ] . Nanophotonics , 2022 , 11 ( 5 ): 1033 - 1040 .

Gao R , Fu B , Yao N , et al . Electro-Optically Tunable Low Phase-Noise Microwave Synthesizer in an Active Lithium Niobate Microdisk [J ] . Laser & Photonics Reviews , 2023 , 17 ( 5 ): 2200903 .

Liu X , Yan X , Liu Y , et al . Tunable Single-Mode Laser on Thin Film Lithium Niobate [J ] . Optics Letters , 2021 , 46 ( 21 ): 5505 - 5508 .

Liu Y , Qiu Z , Ji X , et al . A Photonic Integrated Circuit-based Erbium-Doped Amplifier [J ] . Science , 2022 , 376 ( 6599 ): 1309 - 1313 .

Kik P G , Polman A . Cooperative Upconversion as the Gain-Limiting Factor in Er Doped Miniature Al 2 O 3 Optical Waveguide Amplifiers [J ] . Journal of Applied Physics , 2003 , 93 ( 9 ): 5008 - 5012 .

Han J , Bao R , Wu R , et al . On-Chip Wavelength Division Multiplexing by Angled Multimode Interferometer Fabricated on Erbium-Doped Thin Film Lithium Niobate on Insulator [J ] . Nanophotonics , 2024 , 13 ( 15 ): 2839 - 2846 .

Han J , Li M , Dong Q , et al . Suppression of Parasitic Lasing in Erbium Doped Thin Film Lithium Niobate Waveguide Amplifier by Integrated Wavelength Division Multiplexer [J ] . APL Photonics , 2024 , 9 ( 12 ): 126108 .

Mu J , Dijkstra M , Korterik J , et al . High-Gain Waveguide Amplifiers in Si 3 N 4 Technology via Double-Layer Monolithic Integration [J ] . Photonics Research , 2020 , 8 ( 10 ): 1634 - 1641 .

Mu J , Dijkstra M , García-Blanco S M . Monolithic Integration of Al 2 O 3 : Er 3+ Amplifiers in Si 3 N 4 Technology [C ] // 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC) . Munich, Germany : IEEE , 2019 : 8873164 .

Mu J , Vázquez-Córdova S A , Sefunc M A , et al . A Low-Loss and Broadband MMI-based Multi/Demultiplexer in Si 3 N 4 /SiO 2 Technology [J ] . Journal of Lightwave Technology , 2016 , 34 ( 15 ): 3603 - 3609 .

Cai M , Li T , Zhang X , et al . Gain Dynamics in Integrated Waveguide Amplifier based on Erbium-Doped Thin-Film Lithium Niobate [J ] . ACS Photonics , 2024 , 11 ( 11 ): 4923 - 4932 .

Wu R , Wang M , Xu J , et al . Long Low-Loss-Litium Niobate on Insulator Waveguides with Sub-Nanometer Surface Roughness [J ] . Nanomaterials , 2018 , 7 ( 11 ): 910 .

Wang B , Sun D G , Shang H P . Investigation for Relationship between Sidewall Roughness of Silicon-on-Insulator Waveguide and Loss of Guided-Mode [J ] . Acta Photonica Sinica , 2021 , 50 ( 5 ): 151 .

Stern L , Desiatov B , Goykhman I , et al . Nanoscale Light - Matter Interactions in Atomic Cladding Waveguides [J ] . Nature Communications , 2013 , 4 : 1548 .

Gill D , McCaughan L , Wright J . Spectroscopic Site Determinations in Erbium-Doped Lithium Niobate [J ] . Physical Review B, Condensed Matter , 1996 , 53 ( 5 ): 2334 - 2344 .

Strohhöfer C , Polman A . Absorption and Emission Spectroscopy in Er 3+ - Yb 3+ Doped Aluminum Oxide Waveguides [J ] . Optical Materials , 2003 , 21 ( 4 ): 705 - 712 .

Zhang Z , Li S , Gao R , et al . Erbium-Ytterbium Codoped Thin-Film Lithium Niobate Integrated Waveguide Amplifier with a 27 dB Internal Net Gain [J ] . Optics Letters , 2023 , 48 ( 16 ): 4344 - 4347 .

Han J , Li M , Wu R , et al . High Fiber-to-Fiber Net Gain in Erbium-Doped Thin Film Lithium Niobate Waveguide Amplifier as an External Gain Chip [J ] . Opto-Electronic Science . 2025 , 4 ( 9 ): 250004 .

Li M , Yu J , Wang Z , et al . Monolithic Low-Noise Erbium-Doped Thin-Film Lithium Niobate Waveguide Amplifier with 18 dB Fiber to Fiber Net Gain [J ] . ACS Photonics , 2025 , 12 ( 11 ): 6388 - 6396 .

Bao R , Fang Z , Liu J , et al . An Erbium-Doped Waveguide Amplifier on Thin Film Lithium Niobate with an Output Power Exceeding 100 mW [J ] . Laser & Photonics Reviews , 2025 , 19 ( 1 ): 2400765 .

Che D , Grillanda S , Liu Y , et al . First Demonstration of Erbium-Doped Waveguide Amplifier Enabled Multi-Tb/s (16×1.6 T) Coherent Transmission [C ] // 2023 Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exhibition (OFC) . San Diego, CA, USA : IEEE , 2023 : 10116365 .

Xue X , Qiu J , Ding T , et al . Integrated Erbium-Doped Waveguide Amplifier on Lithium Niobate on Insulator [J ] . Optical Materials Express , 2024 , 14 ( 8 ): 1985 - 1994 .

Wang Y , Wang B , Shen B , et al . Erbium-Doped Lithium Niobate on Insulator Waveguide Amplifier with Ultra-High Internal Net Gain of 38 dB [C ] // 2024 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) . Charlotte, NC, USA : IEEE , 2024 : 10727906 .

Zhou J , Liang Y , Liu Z , et al . On-Chip Integrated Waveguide Amplifiers on Erbium-Doped Thin-Film Lithium Niobate on Insulator [J ] . Laser & Photonics Reviews , 2021 , 15 ( 8 ): 2100030 .

Cai M , Wu K , Xiang J , et al . Erbium-Doped Lithium Niobate Thin Film Waveguide Amplifier with 16 dB Internal Net Gain [J ] . IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics , 2022 , 28 ( 3 ): 8200608 .

Chen Z , Xu Q , Zhang K , et al . Efficient Erbium-Doped Thin-Film Lithium Niobate Waveguide Amplifiers [J ] . Optics Letters , 2021 , 46 ( 5 ): 1161 - 1164 .

Yan X , Liu Y A , Wu J , et al . Integrated Spiral Waveguide Amplifiers on Erbium-Doped Thin-Film Lithium Niobate [EB/OL ] . ( 2021-05-01 ) [ 2025-10-29 ] . https://arxiv.org/abs/2105.00214 https://arxiv.org/abs/2105.00214 .

Luo Q , Yang C , Hao Z , et al . On-Chip Erbium-Doped Lithium Niobate Waveguide Amplifiers [J ] . Chinese Optics Letters , 2021 , 19 ( 6 ): 060008 .

Cai M , Xiang J , Wu K , et al . High-Gain Erbium-Doped Waveguide Amplifier on LNOI Platform [C ] // 2021 Opto-Electronics and Communications Conference (OECC) . Hong Kong, China : IEEE , 2021 : 9866177 .

Vázquez-Córdova S A , Bernhardi E H , Wörhoff K , et al . Erbium-Doped Spiral Amplifiers with 20 dB Gain on a Silicon Chip [J ] . Silicon Photonics and Photonic Integrated Circuits IV , 2014 , 9133 : 913308 .

Rönn J , Zhang J , Zhang W , et al . Erbium-Doped Hybrid Waveguide Amplifiers with Net Optical Gain on a Fully Industrial 300 mm Silicon Nitride Photonic Platform [J ] . Optics Express , 2020 , 28 ( 19 ): 27919 - 27926 .

Frankis H C , Mbonde H M , Bonneville D B , et al . Erbium-Doped TeO 2 -Coated Si 3 N 4 Waveguide Amplifiers with 5 dB Net Gain [J ] . Photonics Research , 2020 , 8 ( 2 ): 127 - 134 .

Hendriks W A P M , Chang L , van Emmerik C I , et al . Rare-Earth Ion Doped Al 2 O 3 for Active Integrated Photonics [J ] . Advances in Physics: X , 2021 , 6 ( 1 ): 1833753 .

Franken C A A , Hendriks W A P M , Winkler L V , et al . Hybrid Integrated near UV Lasers Using the Deep-UV Al 2 O 3 Platform [EB/OL ] . ( 2023-02-22 ) [ 2025-10-29 ] . https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.11492 https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.11492 .

Chrysostomidis T , Mu J , Roumpos I , et al . 8×40 Gbps WDM Amplification in a Monolithically Integrated Al 2 O 3 : Er 3 -Si 3 N 4 Waveguide Amplifier [J ] . IEEE Photonics Technology Letters , 2021 , 33 ( 21 ): 1177 - 1180 .

Gaafar M A , Ludwig M , Wang K , et al . Femtosecond Pulse Amplification on a Chip [J ] . Nature Communications , 2024 , 15 : 8109 .

Su Z , Li N , Frankis H C , et al . High- Q -Factor Al 2 O 3 Micro-Trench Cavities Integrated with Silicon Nitride Waveguides on Silicon [J ] . Optics Express , 2018 , 26 ( 9 ): 11161 - 11170 .

Bonneville D B , Osornio-Martinez C E , Dijkstra M , et al . High on-Chip Gain Spiral Al 2 O 3 : Er 3+ Waveguide Amplifiers [J ] . Optics Express , 2024 , 32 ( 9 ): 15527 - 15536 .

Osornio-Martinez C E , Bonneville D B , Dijkstra M , et al . Broadband Packaged Erbium-Doped Polycrystalline Al 2 O 3 Waveguide Amplifier with 24 dB External Net Gain [J ] . Optics Express , 2025 , 33 ( 14 ): 28985 - 28994 .

Osornio-Martinez C E , Bonneville D B , Hegeman I , et al . Monolithically Integrated Erbium-Doped Polycrystalline Al 2 O 3 Waveguide Amplifier on Silicon Photonics Platform [J ] . Optics Express , 2025 , 33 ( 11 ): 23491 - 23502 .

Rönn J , Zhang W , Autere A , et al . Ultra-High on-Chip Optical Gain in Erbium-based Hybrid Slot Waveguides [J ] . Nature Communications , 2019 , 10 : 432 .

Tan Y , Shang Z , Vanga S K , et al . High-Gain Optical Waveguide Amplifier based on Proton Beam Writing of Nd: YAG Crystal [J ] . Optics Express , 2015 , 23 ( 11 ): 14612 - 14617 .

Vaid H , Saxena S , Ahuja J , et al . High-Gain on-Chip Er: Ta 2 O 5 Amplifier with Multi-Stage Pumping [J ] . Engineering Research Express , 2025 , 7 ( 3 ): 035335 .

Zhu J , Zhang B , Huang Y , et al . Optical Gain at 1.55 μm of Er (TMHD) 3 Complex Doped Polymer Waveguides based on the Intramolecular Energy Transfer Effect [J ] . Optics Express , 2023 , 31 ( 4 ): 5242 - 5256 .

Xiao P , Wang B . Design of an Erbium-Doped Al 2 O 3 Optical Waveguide Amplifie r with on-Chip Integrated Laser Pumping Source [J ] . Optics Communications , 2022 , 508 : 127709 .

王艺蒙 , 王博 , 沈碧涛 , 等 . 稀土掺杂集成光波导放大器最新进展 [J ] . 中国科学：信息科学 , 2025 , 55 ( 9 ): 2133 - 2152 .

Wang Y M , Wang B , Shen B T , et al . Recent Advances in Rare-Earth-Doped Integrated Optical Waveguide Amplifiers [J ] . Scientia Sinica (Informationis) , 2025 , 55 ( 9 ): 2133 - 2152 .

Pohl D , Reig Escalé M , Madi M , et al . An Integrated Broadband Spectrometer on Thin-Film Lithium Niobate [J ] . Nature Photonics , 2020 , 14 ( 1 ): 24 - 29 .

Chen G , Ruan Z , Wang Z , et al . Four-Channel CWDM Device on a Thin-Film Lithium Niobate Platform Using an Angled Multimode Interferometer Structure [J ] . Photonics Research , 2022 , 10 ( 1 ): 8 - 13 .

Wang Z , Fang Z , Liu Z , et al . On-Chip Arrayed Waveguide Grating Fabricated on Thin-Film Lithium Niobate [J ] . Advanced Photonics Research , 2024 , 5 ( 2 ): 2300228 .

Zhou Y , Zhu Y , Fang Z , et al . Monolithically Integrated Active Passive Waveguide Array Fabricated on Thin Film Lithium Niobate Using a Single Continuous Photolithography Process [J ] . Laser & Photonics Reviews , 2023 , 17 ( 4 ): 2200686 .

Dong P . Silicon Photonic Integrated Circuits for Wavelength-Division Multiplexing Applications [J ] . IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics , 2016 , 22 ( 6 ): 6100609 .

Horst F , Green W M J , Assefa S , et al . Cascaded Mach-Zehnder Wavelength Filters in Silicon Photonics for Low Loss and Flat Pass-Band WDM (de-)Multiplexing [J ] . Optics Express , 2013 , 21 ( 10 ): 11652 - 11658 .

Xu H , Shi Y . Flat-Top CWDM (de) Multiplexer based on MZI with Bent Directional Couplers [J ] . IEEE Photonics Technology Letters , 2018 , 30 ( 2 ): 169 - 172 .

Liu D , Zhang M , Shi Y , et al . Four-Channel CWDM (de) Multiplexers Using Cascaded Multimode Waveguide Gratings [J ] . IEEE Photonics Technology Letters , 2020 , 32 ( 4 ): 192 - 195 .

Hu Y , Jenkins R M , Gardes F Y , et al . Wavelength Division (de) Multiplexing based on Dispersive Self-Imaging [J ] . Optics Letters , 2011 , 36 ( 23 ): 4488 - 4490 .

Bucio T D , Khokhar A Z , Mashanovich G Z , et al . NRich Silicon Nitride Angled MMI for Coarse Wavelength Division (de) Multiplexing in the O-Band [J ] . Optics Letters , 2018 , 43 ( 6 ): 1251 - 1254 .

吴俊宇 , 敖学渊 , 邓磊 , 等 . 基于放大器优化的无中继通信系统研究 [J ] . 光通信研究 , 2024 ( 4 ): 230003 .

Wu J Y , Ao X Y , Deng L , et al . Research of Unrepeatered Transmission System based on Amplifier Optimization [J ] . Study on Optical Communications , 2024 ( 4 ): 230003 .

Views

下载量

CSCD

CNKI被引量

Alert me when the article has been cited

提交

Tools

Publicity Resources

Research on Test Method and Test System of WDM Device for 5G Fronthaul Network

Research on Key Technologies of Single Carrier 800 Gbit/s Optical Transmission System

SCM/WDM-PON Design based on Reflection Filter for Carrier Reuse

Efficiency-Score Based Intelligent P-cycle Protection of Multicast Sessions in WDM Networks

Strategy Discussion on Digital Synchronization Network with the IP Revolution

Related Author

HU Chun-lin

GUAN Zi-ting

YANG Chun

TANG Rui

WU Bing-bing

ZHAO Wen-yu

ZHANG Hai-yi

DI Han

Related Institution

WRI Testing Technologies Co., Ltd.

Technology and Standards Research Institute, China Academy of Information and Communication Technology (CAICT)

School of Information and Communication Engineering

School of Data Science and Intelligent Media, Communication University of China

School of Communications and Information Engineering,NJUPT

Address：3rd floor, Building 4, Fenghuo Science Park, Gaoxinsilu, East Lake New Technology Development Zone, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P.R.China Postal code：430205
Technical support is provided by Beijing Founder electronics co., LTD 鄂ICP备2022010197 鄂公网安备 42011202002092号
It is recommended to read the content of this site in Chrome&IE9+. Please switch to extreme mode in browser 360.
Cookies We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content. By continuing, you agree to the use of cookies.
Total Visits：312958 Visits Today：124

⁰