1. Plagiarism Check

The editorial department uses the Academic Misconduct Literature Check System (AMLC) developed by China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and the Wanfang Literature Similarity Detection Service to conduct plagiarism checks on manuscripts. The text similarity rate should not exceed 10%. Manuscripts found to involve plagiarism, duplicate publications, or submissions to multiple journals will be rejected.

2. Preliminary Review

The editorial department conducts a preliminary review to the manuscripts that pass the plagiarism check. The main criteria for this review include checking whether the manuscript aligns with the journal's aims, research scope, and format requirements.

3. Peer Review

After the preliminary review, the editorial department will send the manuscript to at least two peer reviewers. If there are conflicting opinions between the reviewers, a third reviewer will be invited. Based on the opinions of the reviewers, the manuscript may be returned for revision, sent for a second round of peer review or final review, or rejected. The main criteria for this review include evaluating the scientific, innovative, and practical aspects of the research, the rationality of the research design, and the accuracy of the text of the manuscript, along with providing specific review comments to the author.

4. Final Review

Manuscripts recommended for acceptance by the external reviewers will be sent to the Editor-in-Chief for final review, who will make the final decision to request further revisions, accept, or reject the manuscript.

For submissions by the editorial board members and editors of our journal, they must follow all review and editorial procedures of the journal. The review is independent of the relevant editorial board members, editors, and their research teams. Editorial board members and editors who have a potential conflict of interest with the authors (such as themselves, family members, colleagues, etc.) are not allowed to participate in the review, editing, or acceptance decisions of the manuscripts written by those authors.

For manuscripts that require revisions, authors will be notified via email. Authors can check the review comments in the Submission System, and they need to submit the revised manuscript and provide a detailed explanation of the revisions. The explanation of the revisions should be clearly marked with a different color to facilitate review by the expert reviewers or the Editor-in-Chief. Authors are expected to submit the revised manuscript within the specified timeframe.