Bit Error Rate Analysis of Underwater Photon-counting Communication System based on Joint Channel

Lü Jingjing; SHI Qing; WANG Bingjie; LIU Li

doi:10.13756/j.gtxyj.2025.250172

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Bit Error Rate Analysis of Underwater Photon-counting Communication System based on Joint Channel

更新时间：2025-08-16

- Bit Error Rate Analysis of Underwater Photon-counting Communication System based on Joint Channel
- Study on Optical Communications Issue 4, (2025)
- 作者机构：
  
  太原理工大学　新型传感器与智能控制教育部重点实验室，太原　030024
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.13756/j.gtxyj.2025.250172
  CLC： TN929.1
- Received：19 May 2025，
  
  Revised：20 June 2025，
  
  Published：10 August 2025
- 稿件说明：
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吕晶晶，师庆，王冰洁，等. 联合信道下水下光子计数通信系统误码率分析[J]. 光通信研究，2025(4): 250172.

Lü J J, Shi Q, Wang B J, et al. Bit Error Rate Analysis of Underwater Photon-counting Communication System based on Joint Channel[J]. Study on Optical Communications, 2025(4): 250172.
吕晶晶，师庆，王冰洁，等. 联合信道下水下光子计数通信系统误码率分析[J]. 光通信研究，2025(4): 250172. DOI： 10.13756/j.gtxyj.2025.250172.

Lü J J, Shi Q, Wang B J, et al. Bit Error Rate Analysis of Underwater Photon-counting Communication System based on Joint Channel[J]. Study on Optical Communications, 2025(4): 250172. DOI： 10.13756/j.gtxyj.2025.250172.

摘要

【目的】

水下光子计数无线通信（UPCC）能够实现微弱信号探测，有效缓解复杂水下环境造成的光信号衰减影响，延长通信距离。水下信道对光的吸收和散射会造成信号衰减，湍流会引起信号幅度起伏变化，两者都会降低UPCC系统误码率（BER）性能。基于同时考虑吸收、散射和湍流效应的水下联合信道模型，合理评估这些因素对UPCC系统误码性能的综合影响至关重要。

【方法】

文章用随机相位屏模型模拟湍流效应对传输光束的影响，将湍流相位屏模型拓展至蒙特卡洛（MC）水下信道数值模拟框架中，构建海水环境影响更为全面的吸收散射湍流联合信道模型。并基于单光子雪崩二极管（SPAD）和开关键控（OOK）调制方式，搭建了UPCC系统。

【结果】

基于文章所构建的联合信道模型对UPCC系统在不同水质条件、链路距离和湍流强度等参数条件下的误码性能进行对比分析。

【结论】

仿真实验结果表明，在水质较好的纯净海水和干净海水环境下，湍流对系统通信性能的影响不可忽略，通信距离显著衰减，系统BER增加。例如，在纯净海水且无湍流的理想条件下，系统通信距离最远可达约500 m，弱湍流下缩减至约400 m，强湍流下进一步缩减至约200 m。随着水质的恶化，吸收和多重散射成为影响系统通信性能的主要因素。在水质最差的港口海水中，不同湍流强度下，系统通信距离最远均约为25~30 m，不同湍流强度对系统BER的影响几乎可以忽略不计。

Abstract

【Objective】

Underwater Photon Counting Wireless Communication (UPCC) is capable of achieving weak signal detection. It can effectively mitigate the impact of optical signal attenuation induced by complex underwater environments and extend the communication range. The absorption and scattering of light in underwater channels lead to signal attenuation

while turbulence gives rise to fluctuations in signal amplitude. Both of these phenomena can degrade the Bit Error Rate (BER) of the UPCC systems. It is crucial to reasonably evaluate the comprehensive impact of these factors on the bit error performance of the UPCC system based on the underwater joint channel model that takes into account the effects of absorption

scattering and turbulence simultaneously.

【Methods】

In this study

the random phase screen model is employed to simulate the impact of turbulence effects on the transmitted beam. The turbulence phase screen model is further extended to the Monte Carlo (MC) numerical simulation framework for underwater channels. Subsequently

a more comprehensive joint channel model of absorption

scattering

and turbulence

incorporating the influence of the seawater environment

is constructed. Additionally

based on the Single-Photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD) and On-Off Keying (OOK) modulation methods

an UPCC system is developed.

【Results】

Utilizing the established joint channel model

a comparative analysis is conducted on the bit error performance of the UPCC system under diverse parameters

including water quality conditions

link distance

and turbulence intensity.

【Conclusion】

The results of the simulation indicate that in the environments of pure seawater and clean seawater with excellent water quality

the impact of turbulence on the communication performance of the system cannot be ignored. Specifically

the communication distance is significantly attenuated

and the BER of the system increases. For instance

under the ideal conditions of pure seawater and the absence of turbulence

the maximum communication distance of the system can reach approximately 500 m. Under weak turbulence

it reduces to about 400 m

and under strong turbulence

it further shrinks to approximately 200 m. As the water quality deteriorates

the absorption and multiple scattering effects emerge as the primary factors influencing the communication performance of the system. In the seawater of the port with the poorest water quality

the farthest communication distance of the system under different turbulence intensities ranges from approximately 25~30 m. Moreover

the influence of different turbulence intensities on the BER of the system is nearly negligible.

关键词

Keywords

references

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